I basically need a quick answer.  I've got the attached fonts from a client using a Mac.  My system doesn't even recognize them as fonts.  I don't know what kind they are either.  I'm on Vista and wondering if I will be able to convert these and use them effectively in Photoshop and Illustrator?

You could either download the demo version of the program to see if it opens the file you have or try loading Font Forge ( a much harder task). Transtype is good at recognizing font formats.